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Objective:To study the effect and related mechanism of Fuyou granule on danazol-induced precocious puberty model in rats. Method:Totally 21 cages of SD female rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， Leuprorelin（0.1 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>） and Fuyou mixture group（37.9 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>）， and high-dose， mid-dose and low dose Fuyou granule<italic> </italic>groups（17.0，8.5，4.3 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>）. Rats at 5 days of age were given a single subcutaneous injection of 300 μg danazol to establish the precocious puberty model. After 10 days of modeling， drug intervention was started. Vaginal opening was examined at the age of 20 days， and the gonadal development was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The levels of serum luteinizing hormone （LH）， follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） and estradiol （E<sub>2</sub>） were determined by radioimmunoassay. The mRNA expressions of hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone （GnRH）， Kiss-1， G protein-coupled receptor 54 （GPR54） were detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and the expression of GnRH cells in the hypothalamus was detected by immunohistochemistry. Result:Compared with the normal group， the vaginal opening of the model group was significantly earlier， and the uterus and ovarian coefficients were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， indicating that the danazol-induced precocious puberty model was successfully established. The expression levels of GnRH， Kiss-1， and GPR54 also increased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， indicating that the danazol model can activate the HPG axis in advance， thereby inducing precocious puberty<bold>. </bold>Compared with the model group， the mid-dose Fuyou granule group significantly delayed the time of vaginal opening （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， high-dose Fuyou granule group<italic> </italic>significantly reduced uterine wall thickness and uterine coefficient （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， mid-dose group reduced ovarian coefficient and uterine wall thickness （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. All the three dosage groups of Fuyou granule significantly reduced the content of serum hormones E<sub>2</sub>， LH and FSH （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， reduced the expression levels of hypothalamic GnRH， Kiss-1 and GPR54 mRNA （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and decreased the expression of GnRH cells （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Fuyou granule can achieve therapeutic precocity by regulating the Kiss-1/GPR54 system and down-regulating the expression of GnRH to inhibit the activation of the HPG axis.
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Objective:To understand the epidemic status of patients with hypertension and diabetes among residents aged ≥35 years in Shanghai. Methods:The data of "Monitoring of Chronic Diseases and Behavioral Risk Factors in Shanghai in 2013" were used for analysis. Residents aged ≥35 years were selected to analyze the prevalence， awareness， treatment and control in patients with hypertension and diabetes. Results:The prevalence rate of patients with both hypertension and diabetes was 11.25% （95%CI：10.29%-12.29%） among residents aged ≥35 years in Shanghai. The older the age was， the higher the prevalence rated. The rate was the highest in urban area， second in rural area， and the lowest in urban-rural area. Education level of senior high school or above had lower rate than junior high school or below. The non-occupational group had the highest rate and the non-agricultural occupation group had the lowest. The widowed/separated/divorced groups had the highest rate and the married group had the lowest. The rate in obese people was the highest and normal people was the lowest. People with sleep time ≥6 h had a lower rate than those with sleep <6 h. All the above differences were statistically significant （χ2=890.98， 28.91， 61.92， 315.34， 123.72， 441.45， 8.77，all P<0.05）. The awareness rate was 50.09% （95%CI：46.54%-53.64%）， the highest in 60-74 years old group and the lowest in 35-44 years old group. The awareness rate in urban area was higher than that in the urban-rural junction， and the rural area was the lowest. The treatment rate was 45.67% （95%CI：42.45%-48.92%） and the age was proportional to the treatment rate. The treatment rate from high to low in order was city， urban and urban-rural junction， rural areas. The differences in age， region awareness rate and treatment rate were statistically significant （χ2=43.27， 35.19， 37.59， 37.56，all P<0.05）. Control rates was 6.45% （95%CI：5.17%-8.01%）， 60-74 age group had the highest， and the age group from 35 to 44 years old had the lowest， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=20.35，P<0.05）. The treatment control rate was 14.11% （95%CI：11.54%-17.15%）. Conclusion:The prevalence rate of patients with co-existing hypertension and diabetes in Shanghai residents is high， the awareness rate and treatment rate are general， and the control rate is low. It is urgent to improve the comprehensive prevention and treatment level of patients with hypertension and diabetes.
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The Chinese herbal compound formula preparation was made based on theory of Chinese medicine, which was confirmed by long period clinical application, and with multi-compound and multi-target characteristics. During the exploitation process of innovation medicine of Chinese herbal compound formula, selecting and speeding up the research development of drugs with clinical value shall be paid more attention, and as request of rules involved in new drug research and development, the whole process management should be carried out, including project evaluation, manufacturing process determination, establishment of quality control standards, evaluation for pharmacological and toxic effect, as well as new drug application process. This reviews was aimed to give some proposals for pharmacodynamics research methods involved in exploration of Chinese herbal compound formula preparation, including： ①the endpoint criteria should meet the clinical attribution of new drugs; ②the pre-clinical pharmacodynamics evaluation should be carried on appropriate animal models according to the characteristics of diagnosis and therapy of Chinese medicine and observation indexes; ③during the innovation of drug for infants and children, information on drug action conforming to physiological characteristics of infants and children should be supplied, and the pharmacodynamics and toxicology research shall be conducted in immature rats according to the body weight of children. In a summary, the clinical application characteristics are the important criteria for evaluation of pharmacological effect of innovation medicine of Chinese herbal compound formula.
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Objective To investigate the meaning of expression of apoptosis related molecules NFKBp65 and p53 and GPX1-mRNA in patients with Keshan disease(KSD).Methods Sixteen chronic Keshan Disease patients were enrolled in KSD group according to electrocardiogram,chest X ray film and clinical examinations on 15,September in 2009,and 23 healthy people were included in control group from physical examination taken in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Fresh blood(5 ml)was collected from antecubital vein of all subjects in the fasting state.Total mRNA and protein of blood sample were isolated using Trizol.GPX Assay Kit was used to detect GPX enzyme activity,and GPX1-mRNA expression was determined by SYBR Real-Time PCR.Meanwhile,expression of apoptosis related molecules NFKBp65 and p53 were determined by Western blot.Results GPX enzyme activity decreased significantly in KSD group[(108.61±14.10)U]compared with control group[(122.78±11.89)U,t=2.874,P<0.05],GPX1-mRNA level of KSD group(0.553±0.299)notably KSD group(0.802±0.057)compared with control group[(1.065±0.355),t=6.829,P<0.01].p53 increased in KSD group(1.604±0.191)compared with control group[(1.137±0.186),t=3.033,P<0.05].Conclusiom Decreased GPX1-mRNA expression may result in lower GPX enzyme activity of patients with KSD.Thus oxidative damage increases and cadioeyte apoptosis is activated by activating apoptosis signal pathway.